# Contested concept: accuracy (of the crowd within)

_**What you are reading**: one contested-concept page in Deliberus's deliberation graph. Deliberus maps human reasoning — including claims that are contested, mistaken, or extreme — so that disagreement can be examined precisely. A claim's presence here is not an endorsement: the graph records that someone argued it, how it connects to other reasoning, and how far scrutiny has gotten. The metadata on this page describes the state of that scrutiny, not the truth of the claim._

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- **Contestedness**: semantic
- **Diagnosis**: The disagreement over whether the 'crowd within' is effective depends on whether 'accuracy' is defined as a significant improvement over a single guess or an improvement that approaches the level of a multi-person crowd.
- **Canonical**: `/concept/accuracy (of the crowd within)` (data: `/concept/accuracy (of the crowd within).json`)

## Senses in use
- **A meaningful gain in accuracy that justifies the effort by approximating the performance of an actual group of different people.** — used in 4 claim(s)
- **A statistically significant reduction in error relative to the person's own first estimate.** — used in 4 claim(s)

## Claims using this term
- [According to Rauhut and Lorenz (2011), the study by Vul and Pashler (2008) likely overestimates the actual accuracy gains possible through …](/claim/claim_02b6eb7c3a58.md) _(sense: A meaningful gain in accuracy that justifies the effort by approximating the performance of an actual group of different people.)_
- [The simple act of considering a plausible alternative to an initial judgment improves the overall accuracy of that judgment.](/claim/claim_0c8bb801028e.md) _(sense: A statistically significant reduction in error relative to the person's own first estimate.)_
- [Researchers Ariely and colleagues found that averaging judgment estimates across different individuals significantly improved estimate accu…](/claim/claim_2c6e7a84f946.md) _(sense: A meaningful gain in accuracy that justifies the effort by approximating the performance of an actual group of different people.)_
- [When averaging multiple estimates from the same individual (the 'crowd within'), individuals with smaller memory spans show greater improve…](/claim/claim_3e22c94684f7.md) _(sense: A statistically significant reduction in error relative to the person's own first estimate.)_
- [Research by Herzog and Hertwig (2009) found that dialectical bootstrapping [using antithetical reasoning for a second estimate] produced mo…](/claim/claim_62aadd2ce6df.md) _(sense: A statistically significant reduction in error relative to the person's own first estimate.)_
- [Research by Ariely and colleagues indicates that averaging repeated judgment estimates made by the same person does not result in a signifi…](/claim/claim_7c36b3a48b49.md) _(sense: A meaningful gain in accuracy that justifies the effort by approximating the performance of an actual group of different people.)_
- [Repeatedly asking oneself for an estimate, even an infinite number of times, does not provide accuracy that exceeds the estimate given by a…](/claim/claim_ba2a0e3990dc.md) _(sense: A meaningful gain in accuracy that justifies the effort by approximating the performance of an actual group of different people.)_
- [Generating a second estimate with a different error profile than the first estimate [via dialectical bootstrapping] increases the overall a…](/claim/claim_e77d32f3d21d.md) _(sense: A statistically significant reduction in error relative to the person's own first estimate.)_